![]() Various sexually transmitted infections can affect the vagina, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital warts, syphilis and genital herpes. Vaginal dryness, often occurring after menopause, also can cause pain during intercourse. The muscles in the pelvic floor can become tense, causing chronic pain and pain during intercourse. Pain during penetration might be caused by involuntary spasms of the muscles of the vaginal wall (vaginismus). These might include persistent or recurrent pain just before, during or after sex (dyspareunia). Loss of estrogen can cause the vaginal lining to thin (vaginal atrophy), making sex painful.Ĭonditions that might affect the vagina include: For example, estrogen production declines after menopause and during breastfeeding. Changes in hormone levels can affect the vagina. Trauma - such as sexual abuse or a painful sexual experience - also can lead to pain associated with sex. Anxiety and depression can contribute to a low level of arousal and resulting discomfort or pain during sex. A vaginal delivery also can decrease muscle tone in the vagina. ![]() In some cases, an incision made in the tissue of the vaginal opening during childbirth (episiotomy) is needed. Vaginal tears are relatively common during childbirth. During pregnancy, vaginal discharge often increases. ![]() The use of sprays, deodorants or douches can cause or worsen irritation. Barrier contraceptives, such as condoms, diaphragms and associated spermicide, can irritate the vagina.
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